This article thoroughly analyzes the complex interrelationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension (AH). Epidemiological data indicate that 60–80% of patients with diabetes also suffer from hypertension. The coexistence of these two chronic conditions significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease by 1.5-2 times. The study specifically focuses on common pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management of DM and AH. Diagnostic criteria encompass regular blood pressure monitoring, glycemic control assessment (HbA1c), and renal function tests (serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate [GFR], and microalbuminuria). Notably, hypertension affects over 70% of patients with diabetic nephropathy, further escalating the risk of cardiac and renal failure. Treatment strategies aim to normalize blood pressure and ensure glycemic control, involving both pharmacological interventions (RAAS inhibitors like ACE inhibitors and ARBs, thiazide diuretics, and calcium channel blockers) and lifestyle modifications (limiting sodium intake to
